Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. While occasional acid reflux is common, GERD is diagnosed when these symptoms occur persistently, typically more than twice a week.
What is GERD?
GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a valve between the stomach and esophagus, weakens or relaxes inappropriately, allowing stomach acid to move upward into the esophagus. This can lead to irritation, inflammation, and potential damage to the esophageal lining.
Key Points about GERD
- Causes and Risk Factors: GERD can result from a weakened LES due to factors such as obesity, pregnancy, certain medications, smoking, and hiatal hernia.
- Symptoms: Common symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, chronic cough, and excessive saliva production.
- Diagnosis: Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, and it may include tests like esophageal pH monitoring, upper GI endoscopy, and imaging studies to assess the severity and potential complications.
- Treatment: Treatment options range from lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, dietary changes, and avoiding trigger foods to medications like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 blockers, and antacids. Surgical interventions like fundoplication or endoscopic procedures may be considered in severe cases.
Complications of GERD
Untreated GERD can lead to complications such as esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), esophageal stricture (narrowing of the esophagus), Barrett’s esophagus (precancerous changes in the esophageal lining), and respiratory issues due to aspiration of stomach acid into the lungs.
Prevention and Management
Preventive measures include adopting healthy eating habits, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, and modifying sleeping positions to reduce nighttime reflux. Prompt treatment and management of GERD are essential to prevent long-term complications and improve quality of life.
For expert consultation and personalised treatment of GERD, contact Dr. Santhosh R, a distinguished General Surgeon specialising in gastrointestinal disorders in Nagasandra, Bengaluru.
Conclusion
GERD is a manageable condition with proper diagnosis, treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options empowers individuals to manage GERD effectively and reduce the risk of associated complications.
To schedule an appointment or learn more about managing GERD, contact Dr. Santhosh R for comprehensive care and guidance tailored to your needs.
