What Is Acute Appendicitis?

Acute appendicitis is a sudden inflammation of the appendix, a small, tube-like structure attached to the large intestine. This condition is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment, usually involving surgical removal of the appendix, known as an appendectomy. If left untreated, an inflamed appendix can burst, leading to severe complications like peritonitis (infection of the abdominal lining) and sepsis (a life-threatening illness).

Causes of Acute Appendicitis

The exact cause of appendicitis is not always clear, but it often results from a blockage in the lining of the appendix. Potential causes include:

• Fecal Impaction: Hardened stool blocking the appendix.
• Infection: Gastrointestinal infections that lead to swelling.
• Foreign Bodies: Ingested objects or parasites obstructing the appendix.
• Lymphoid Hyperplasia: Swelling of lymphoid tissue in response to infection.

Symptoms of Acute Appendicitis

Symptoms typically develop quickly and can include:

• Abdominal Pain: Starting near the navel and shifting to the lower right abdomen.
• Loss of Appetite: An early sign of appendicitis.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Often following the onset of pain.
• Fever: Usually low-grade but can increase if the appendix bursts.
• Bloating and Gas: Abdominal swelling and discomfort.
• Changes in Bowel Movements: Constipation or diarrhea.

Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis

Diagnosing acute appendicitis involves:

• Physical Examination: Checking for tenderness in the lower right abdomen.
• Blood Tests: Identifying signs of infection, such as elevated white blood cell count.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to visualize the appendix and confirm inflammation.

Treatment of Acute Appendicitis

The primary treatment for acute appendicitis is an appendectomy. There are two main types:

• Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A minimally invasive surgery with small incisions, resulting in less pain and quicker recovery.
• Open Appendectomy: A single, larger incision in the lower right abdomen is often necessary if the appendix has burst.

Recovery after Appendectomy

Recovery typically involves:

• Hospital Stay: Usually 1-2 days for uncomplicated cases.
• Pain Management: Medications to manage post-surgical pain.
• Activity Restrictions: Gradual return to normal activities, avoiding strenuous exercise for a few weeks.
• Follow-Up Care: Monitoring for signs of infection or complications.

Complications of Untreated Appendicitis

If not treated promptly, appendicitis can lead to:

• Perforation of the Appendix: Leading to peritonitis.
• Abscess Formation: A localized collection of pus.
• Sepsis: A severe, widespread infection.

Prevention and Outlook

While there is no surefire way to prevent appendicitis, maintaining a healthy diet high in fiber from fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk. With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the outlook for acute appendicitis is generally excellent, with most people recovering fully after an appendectomy.

Conclusion

Acute appendicitis is a severe condition that requires immediate medical attention. Recognizing the symptoms and seeking prompt treatment can prevent complications and lead to a full recovery.

Contact Dr. Santhosh R, MBBS, MS (Gen. Surgery) Today

If you or a loved one experiences symptoms of acute appendicitis, don't wait. Contact Dr. Santhosh R, a skilled General Surgeon, for expert diagnosis and treatment. Ensure your health and peace of mind with professional care.

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